By Fatima Saka
In reciprocation to the reported outbreaks of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in China and the United Kingdom, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has issued a public health advisory aimed at boosting awareness and preparedness across the nation.
Recent reports indicate a surge in HMPV activity in China, the UK, and other parts of the world, prompting heightened vigilance and proactive measures by the NCDC.
HMPV is a respiratory virus known to cause illnesses ranging from mild cold-like symptoms to severe respiratory infections. It poses the highest risk to young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets, close contact, and contaminated surfaces, with overcrowded spaces and poor ventilation amplifying its transmission.
While Nigeria has not observed an unusual rise in HMPV-related respiratory infections, the NCDC has emphasized the importance of vigilance. Through its National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance (NISS) system, which monitors influenza-like illnesses (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) nationwide, the agency continues to collect real-time data to detect anomalies.
Reports from the UK and Europe reveal notable increases in HMPV-related hospitalizations, particularly among children under five and older adults in care homes. However, the NCDC clarified that claims of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaring HMPV a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) are unfounded.
The NCDC has assessed the risk of HMPV in Nigeria as moderate. This evaluation, conducted in collaboration with WHO, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USCDC), and the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), serves as a foundation for Nigeria’s preparedness efforts and response strategies.
Expanded Surveillance and Diagnostic Capacity
To bolster its readiness, the NCDC has integrated HMPV testing into the existing NISS framework, which already includes COVID-19 testing. Laboratories in states with international airports are being equipped for HMPV diagnostics, ensuring nationwide capacity.
To mitigate the risk of HMPV transmission via international travel, stringent protocols have been introduced at points of entry (PoEs). These include readiness assessments, deployment of infection prevention and control (IPC) materials, and preparation of quarantine facilities. An Entry Implementation Protocol on HMPV has also been distributed to all international PoEs.
Strengthening Healthcare Facilities
Healthcare facilities nationwide have been instructed to adopt enhanced infection prevention and control practices, including proper hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and environmental cleaning. Hospitals are required to establish isolation units for the swift management of suspected cases.
Additionally, the NCDC is working with state governments to train healthcare workers on HMPV case management, emphasizing supportive care and early detection. State treatment and isolation centers are being activated to handle potential cases effectively.
Medical Supplies and Public Engagement
The NCDC has stockpiled essential medical supplies, including personal protective equipment (PPE), laboratory reagents, and IPC materials, for rapid deployment if needed. Public engagement is also a critical component of its strategy, with efforts focused on raising awareness, dispelling misinformation, and encouraging preventive measures.
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Through collaborations with health educators, risk communication teams, and the media, the NCDC is disseminating accurate and timely information to ensure nationwide awareness.
Advisory for the Public
The NCDC has advised Nigerians to practice good hygiene, such as regular hand washing with soap and water, observing proper respiratory etiquette, and disinfecting commonly touched surfaces. Vulnerable groups, including children and older adults, are urged to avoid crowded places and seek medical attention if symptoms occur.
HMPV symptoms include cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath. Severe cases, particularly among high-risk populations, can lead to complications like bronchitis or pneumonia. While there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for HMPV, supportive care has proven effective for recovery.
Commitment to Public Health
Dr. Jide Idris, the Director General of the NCDC, reaffirmed the agency’s dedication to protecting public health.
“We are closely monitoring global developments and strengthening our response capacity to ensure Nigeria remains prepared,” he said.
The NCDC urged the public to rely on verified information from its official platforms and to contact the agency’s toll-free line, 6232, for emergencies or inquiries.
“By adhering to preventive measures and staying informed, Nigerians can play a vital role in safeguarding their communities from respiratory infections like HMPV,” Dr. Idris added.
